The study of Iranians’,tort related writings explicates that most of the top jurists believe that there is a maxim called “, the principle of full compensation”, . Provided that the other two requirements of liability (causation and harmful act) exist, this principle states that all damages, regardless of their type, should be compensated without any need for a specific law prescribing the liability to compensate that kind of damage. Case law is in doubt on how to react to this principle and has since taken two different approaches. Contrary to popular belief, however, our search in the philosophical foundations (and also in the main goals of tort law) shows that there is no theory that stays adamant about compensating all kinds of damages in any circumstances. From only one theory we can infer such a principle, but because of some major defects in this conclusion, it has been widely criticized by tort law philosophers. It seems that the belief in such a principle (of full compensation) is not acceptable neither practically nor theoretically,it is unfeasible in practicality and reduces the power of tort law in organizing and arranging different kinds of social activities, and it is theoretically unsubstantiated. In this article, I propound this idea that invoking this principle should be avoided by our jurists, and as well as our courts.

Full compensation for lost is not usually achieved by citing a loss to one of the remedies of breach of contract. Rather, it is sometimes necessary to aggregate between the above remedies. The sum of the compensation with other reactions to the breach of the covenant is very vague given the legislator's silence on its enforce ability and lack of judicial procedure. Regardless of the feasibility of this sum and its enforcement practices, the possibility of this sum is very important, given the general legal principles underlying most laws, and these principles are used to resolve ambiguities. In other words, is it possible that, in the use of lost to one of the remedies arising from breach of contract, such as rescission, and failure to full compensation, we will give right to lost to use other remedies, such as claiming of loss or amending the contract, or partial rescission of the contract, or specific performance and claim of loss between two or more remedies to full compensations for their damages, collect and use simultaneously.

One who undertakes is obligated to discharging his commitment and must discharge his debt with regard to obligee.We certainly can say that nowadays, compensation is the most common reason for lack of commitment. For this reason, various religious and civil schools have studied it, besides fulfillment of one's promises, sacrifice and succession commitment.This category, furthermore, put under comparative survey sense of adjustment and various kinds of it.It intends in this way to show searching jurisprudence and whatever distinguished Imamiyyah jurists have left in their written works.

Using full duplex communication systems called FD, is a new technique for increasing the spectral efficiency. That`s why it has been considered seriously in the new generation of communication systems. The main challenge of the full-duplex system is the self-interference, which has to be decreased properly. In this paper, we consider a full-duplex cellular network base station and using the antenna selection technique to reduce its self-interference issue. For appropriate antenna selection, we present a new criterion. In this new criterion, antenna selection has been modeled and solved as a multi-objective optimization problem. In this new criterion, antennas which simultaneously minimizes interference channel gain and maximizes uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) channel gains are selected for transmission and reception. Since the goal of the base station is a good performance in both the UL and DL channels and reduction of the self-interference simultaneously, the multi-objective criterion has a better performance when compared to single-objective criteria. In the common single-objective criteria, only the UL and DL channels or interference channel is considered. Finally, simulation results show that the new criterion has more throughput rate than the other single-objective antenna selection technique in the full duplex systems.

Compensation for damages arising from a breach of contractual obligations should place the injured party in the position he would have been in had the contract not been breached. By accepting the idea of full compensation, the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts as well as the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980), judicial precedents, and international arbitration awards have recognised this approach. Despite the recognition of the principle of compensation, this theory is subject to controversy in Iranian law, particularly in the event of damages caused by the loss of anticipatory benefits. From justice and economic efficiency perspectives and for the sake of adapting Iranian commercial rules with ones reflected in international trade instruments, and for considering the affirmative religious jurisprudential principles, it is recommended that effective steps should be taken towards the removal of all existing legal barriers in Iranian law.

Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) is an alternative promising nanotechnology for semiconductor transistor based technology. QCA benefits from several features such as high speed, low power consumption and can be used for extremely dense structures. One of the important issues in arithmetic circuits is design of full adder/full subtractor (FA/FS respectively). Our main contribution in this paper is proposing a one-bit FA/FS which benefits from less cell counts compared to the state-of-the-art technologies. The proposed QCA FA/FS ameliorate the number of cells in comparison with the best FA/FS studied in the literature. As well as the mentioned feature, temperature analysis of suggested circuit shows that our design is more tough compared to the previous works.

Background and Aims: Metal-free and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) restorations have drawn considerable attention and interest in recent years for restoring in the posterior area due to their improved esthetics. Fracture resistance is one of the most important mechanical properties of materials because of 500-600 N load of occlusion. The restorations should tolerate this load. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture resistance of FRC with that of zirconia all-ceramic for posterior partial dentures.Materials and Methods: Forty extracted human intact teeth (20 first premolars and 20 first molars) selected for fabricating 10 pairs of fiber-reinforced composite and 10 pairs of zirconia all-ceramic bridges. After receiving standard tooth preparation, the teeth were mounted with 7.5 mm distance between each other. The bridges were made and cemented on the teeth. Then the restorations were stored in 37oC water for 30 days. The fracture resistance was measured using mechanical testing machine with cross-head speed of 1mm/min. Data were evaluated by Independent sample t test.Results: The mean fracture resistance in the ceramic group was 1329.41 N and for the F.R.C group was 1118.528 N with significant differences between them (P=0.034). The failure modes were mainly cohesive at pontic area for ceramic samples, but adhesive for FRC samples at pontic area.Conclusion: Both systems showed sufficient fracture resistance for using in posterior area.

The primary objective of this article is to elucidate that a comprehensive understanding of Greek political thought necessitates an examination of its origins in Ancient Greece. Traditional scholarship in Greek political thought has typically assumed that it originated concurrently with philosophy and the establishment of the polis. In this research, drawing upon the visions of Eric Voegelin and Leo Strauss, we endeavor to establish a refined definition of political thought while challenging the aforementioned conventional assumption. It is argued that political reflection remains intimately intertwined with the theological-mythological beginning of thought in Greece. This theological-mythological mode of thinking initially found expression in the works of Homer and Hesiod, with these poets serving as the foremost intellectual authorities and initial educators of the Greeks. The Greeks, in their self-perception, viewed themselves through a lens of religion and in the mirror of gods and divine forces. Consequently, any exploration into Greek political thought must acknowledge the works of these poets as the seminal intellectual foundations of Greek thought. It is imperative to recognize that political thought in Ancient Greece did not commence with philosophy or the emergence of the polis, but rather with poetry and a distinct form of religious-mythical experience, namely theologia-muthologia.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity, specificity and validity of SITAfast (SiF) strategy with the standard full thershold (SFT) algorithm in the Humphrey field analyzer. Materials &Methods: As an observational case series, twenty glaucoma patients (37 eyes) who were referred to Emam Reza & Ghaem eye clinic, central field testing was performed with the central 30-2 program using SFT and SiF strategies. Both tests were carried out on four different days in a span of two weeks. Sensitivity, specificity, validity, time saved, and the extent of defect in SITA fast strategies were compared with those of SFT. Results: The sensitivity of SFT & SiF was 93.3%. Specificity of SFT & SiF was 71.4% & 57.4% respectively. The validity of SFT & SiF was 89.2% & 86.5% respectively. The mean time in SFT, SiF were 14.6 min & 5.45 min, respectively. Defects in gray scale was shallower in SiF (significant at P<1%, P<0.5%) but defects in the pattern deviation plots tended to be more in SITA fast strategy but there was no significant difference in statistics. Conclusion: SITA fast strategy has good sensitivity and is significantly faster as compared with the SFT algorithm. Test time is much shorter so common use of SiF is suggested. In children, old age patients and patients who has difficulty in concentration, SiF is superior to SFT.